Trinidad Carnival - 1756 Words

Trinidad Carnival Carnival is a festival of colours which is transformed into costumes, calypso, steel band music, dance and different foods and Caribbean art which attracts many people from the different countries. The carnival season is usually during the two weeks before the traditional Christian fasting of Lent. This is celebrated to mark an overturning of daily life.The roots of carnival both lay in Africa and France(Liverpool:57). Trinidad carnival is a very significant festival in the island of Trinidad and Tobago. This festival has evolved from an elegant, exclusive affair to an all inclusive national festival of the country. Therefore in order to understand the meaning of this festival one must look at the acculturation,†¦show more content†¦Pre-emancipation carnival was highly stratified and segregated affair, however with the planters and the free coloured keeping to themselves. Slaves were in theory debarred from the festivities but eye witness’ evidence suggests that they will have taken advantage of the temporary anarchy to indulge in the street parades (Regis 2000:231).Because of this segregation and the debarring of slaves from this celebration the slaves in turn would hold their own little carnivals in their backyards called the Dame Lorraine masque(Regis 2000:231) by using their own rituals and folklore but also imitating their masters’ behaviour at the masked balls. The pre-emancipation carnival saw whites costume themselves as negres de jardin (field Negro labourers) and mulatresses.This also reenacted the Cannes Brulees (French for burning canes): the practice of rounding up slaves to put out fires in the cane fields. â€Å"In the days of slavery whenever fire broke out upon an estate immediately mustered and marched to the spot, horns and shells were blown to collect them and the gangs were followed by the drivers cracking their whips and urging them with cries and blows to their work.†(Pearse 1956:18). The liberty that the Africans were given was demonstrated by them on the streets of Port of Spain of August 1 1838 the date enslavement legally ended. They celebrated in Cannes Brulees fashion (Liverpool). â€Å"After emancipation of the slaves theShow MoreRelatedBirth And Evolution Of Trinidad Carnival1461 Words   |  6 PagesBeginning in the late 1700s, the festival known as Carnival was introduced to various parts of the world as a public celebration or parade that involved the use of masks, musical elements, costumes and more. Dating back to the 18th century, the Trinidad Carnival was introduced around the time of the arrival of the French Catholic planters from the French West Indies. The festival originated in the early 1780s when both white and colored people staged masquerade balls at Christmas time for entertainmentRead MoreTrinidad Carnival1747 Words   |  7 PagesTrinidad Carnival Carnival is a festival of colours which is transformed into costumes, calypso, steel band music, dance and different foods and Caribbean art which attracts many people from the different countries. The carnival season is usually during the two weeks before the traditional Christian fasting of Lent. This is celebrated to mark an overturning of daily life.The roots of carnival both lay in Africa and France(Liverpool:57). Trinidad carnival is a very significant festival in the islandRead MoreCarnival1744 Words   |  7 PagesTrinidad Carnival Carnival is a festival of colours which is transformed into costumes, calypso, steel band music, dance and different foods and Caribbean art which attracts many people from the different countries. The carnival season is usually during the two weeks before the traditional Christian fasting of Lent. This is celebrated to mark an overturning of daily life.The roots of carnival both lay in Africa and France(Liverpool:57). Trinidad carnival is a very significant festival in theRead MoreMale Identity : The Novel, And He Represents The Dragon1513 Words   |  7 PagesSylvia boyfriend. Mr. Guy ended up buying Sylvia a carnival costume where later Aldrick regret not buying her the costume. Aldrick is a very philosophical character. Even thou Calver Hill people were in severe poverty Aldrick priority was to use his money for his dragon costumes yearly. The dragon costume does not even belong to Aldrick its non-possession it belongs to colonialism. The dragon was a very important and significant figure in the carnival. Aldrick has the potential and strength to becomeRead MoreMardigras1558 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper is about Mardi Gras, A festival or Carnival celebrated once a year. In this paper I will discuss how Mardi Gras originated, when it is celebrated, how it is celebrated, and what does it mean to all the different cultures. Mardi Gras, in the French speaking parts of the world and in some US southern states is the last day of carnival festivities preceding Lent, the time of penitence observed by Christians in preparation for Easter. Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday) is a French term forRead More Mardi Gras Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesMardi Gras This paper is about Mardi Gras, A festival or Carnival celebrated once a year. In this paper I will discuss how Mardi Gras originated, when it is celebrated, how it is celebrated, and what does it mean to all the different cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mardi Gras, in the French speaking parts of the world and in some US southern states is the last day of carnival festivities preceding Lent, the time of penitence observed by Christians in preparation for Easter. MardiRead MoreCaribbean Carnival : History, Performance And Resistance1296 Words   |  6 PagesSarah Corner Professor Byam Caribbean Carnival: History, Performance and Resistance AFST 3243/ CAST 3001 Summer 2015 INDEPENDENT MAS IN CONTEMPORARY CARNIVAL Over the past several decades there has been a change in masquerade costumes worn during Trinidad’s pre-Lenten Carnival (hereby referred to as Carnival). The growing global popularity of Carnival has left many concerned that the modern costume, consisting of bikinis, beads and feathers will continue to dominate and lead to the disappearanceRead MoreEssay about Trinidad and Tobago1701 Words   |  7 PagesTrinidad and Tobago The beaches here give me a sense of what heaven would be like. As I walk in the pure white sand, I compare it to the white clouds of heaven. While looking out into the water, I cannot tell the where the Caribbean Sea begins and the clear blue sky ends. Continuing to walk along the beach I come across two tall palm trees that grow over each other, creating an arch; that is my gate to heaven. The ebb and flow of the small waves creates a soothing rhythm as I continue to walkRead MoreGlobalization of Enterprise3966 Words   |  16 Pagesalong with strategic alliances that may be advantageous or required The two countries being considered for expansion into are Brazil and Trinidad. Before these two countries would have been brought up for further consideration they would have been on a longer list of potential candidates the rest of which would have been eliminated with Brazil and Trinidad meeting the basic criteria of having a significantly larger population than Guyana, they are both developing countries (better off economicallyRead More Culture of Trinidad Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesCulture of Trinidad According to the encyclopedia, culture is defined as â€Å"The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought [www.wikipedia.com].† In Trinidad these particular aspects are very distinct to the peoples daily lives on the island. The diversity of actual cultures and ethnicities on the island has melted together over the centuries to create a Trinidadian culture of its own. There are influences from

The Mozart Effect of Boosting IQ - 863 Words

In the world today people have gain an interest in an easy way in order for them or their family to boost their IQs. It isn’t only families who have gain an interest in this type of information. People who are the most famous at things in which they have done or are trying to do an this people consider themselves as entrepreneurs are going along with this and trying to build up their IQs because they feel it may end up helping them in the long run. This people are the ones who are motivation is the center of this book by Don Campbell called â€Å"The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music to Heal the Body, Strengthen the Mind and Unlock the Creative Spirit†. Music is what has a outstanding result on individuals because they tend to take time to listen to Music, and this people are the ones who possess a high IQ. {With the hypothesis that was given the dependent variable is ‘IQ’ and the independent variable is the one that stands out the most ‘Musi c’. Dr. Gordon Shaw, Francis Rauscher and Katherine Ky came up with an ideal in order to take what information was given an test it, so they started what is known as an Experiment. The early testing about what was the effect of music in an individual was started in 1988. This is when another individual by the name of Gordon Shaw who was a neurobiologist, along with a scholar student named Xiaodan Leng, decided they were going to try to model what happens with the brain and its actions over a computer system. They came up with theShow MoreRelatedMozart Effect And Its Effect On Mental Development1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Idea of the Mozart effect came at a time when scientists were trying to merge the aspect of psychology (the science of the mind), and neuroscience (the science of the brain). Scientists felt that music plays a major role in the learning and thinking processes (â€Å"The Mozart Effect†). The Mozart effect refers to the resultant enhanced mental performance that arises when one listens to Mozart’s music. It is suggested that listening to Mozart makes one smarter by improving their spatial intelligenceRead MoreMusic and the Mind Essay1896 Words   |  8 Pagesparticular sequences. A Person with good spatial reasoning is capable of mentally visualizing how a folded paper will turn out without having to use a physical model. This phenomenon has been given the name, the â€Å"Mozart Effect† because his compositions often have the strongest after effects of Spatial Reasoning. It was said that Mozart’s music and a few pieces of baroque music, with a 60 beat per minute pattern, activated both the left and right parts of the brain. Because both sides were activated

Moral panic Free Essays

The public has always used the Mass Media as the primary source of information about most topics especially crime. The Mass Media has the power to convey messages and ideas to a large audience but how truthful or factual these messages are has long been a debate of sociologist, due to news broadcast being so criminogenic for example, Ericson et al (1987). â€Å"Study of news-making in Toronto found that a remarkably high proportion of news was about deviance and control. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral panic or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ranging from 45. % in newspaper to 71. 5% on radio stations. ( Maguire,Morgan and Reiner 2012, p. 248) Therefore this use of Media may create fear amongst the public which in turn causes â€Å"Moral panic† and â€Å"Folk Devils†. Therefore I will outline and Illustrate the term â€Å"Moral Panic† and the effect it has on the public, also aiming to show the role the Media plays in creating panic. â€Å"Moral panic†is a term used to describe groups or subculture as a threat to the way of life for society’s, norms and values. There are several organisations who claims a oral breakdown such as the â€Å"Mass Media, Politicians and churches†(Tim Newburn 2013, p. 96). Stanley Cohen’s research into the Mods and Rockers gave a clear view of the media classifying these subcultures as deviant and creating panic amongst the public. Cohen’s had three main ideas to illustrate how â€Å"Moral Panic† was created during the 1960s. Firstly Exaggeration and Distortion. â€Å"The exaggeration of seriousness†¦. the proportion engaged in violence†. Secondly Prediction. † Media coverage regularly assumed events would be even worse†. Lastly Symbolisation † Mods and Rockers appearance became associated with delinquency and deviant behaviour. (Tim Newburn 2013, p. 97). This indicates that the Media’s use of emotive language used in broadcast and newspapers created â€Å"Folk Devils† of these subcultures and wide scale panic in Britain and subsequently creating stigma towards Mods and Rockers. However there has been criticism of the â€Å"Moral Panic† Theory. Jewkes (2004) states that the audience may not be as receptive to the â€Å"Moral Panic† as Cohen mentioned. Tim Newburn 2013, p. 101). This indicates that the public are more aware of issues in society and are able to think rationally without becoming fearful of news reports. Secondly â€Å"an occasional over-reading of the extent of â€Å"panickyness† in media representations†. This demonstrates that Cohen had no real evidence to prove that â€Å"moral panics† created panic amongst society, as it would be difficult to measure the level of concern throughout communities. To conclude â€Å"Moral Panic† may sometimes be created by the Mass-Media through the se of emotive and sensationalised heading to make a story more entertaining or appealing to its audience. Through this process they create fear amongst the public and stigmatize subcultures which in turn may cause these social groups to be the truth out for themselves and come to their own conclusion without relying on the media as a primary source of information. How to cite Moral panic, Papers

Entrepreneurship in a Globalised Environment

Question: Write an essay about the Entrepreneurship in a Globalised Environment. Answer: Introduction: Kosovo is one of the Western Balkan countries that have achieved a notable progress in establishing a market-led economy. Kosovo is a potential candidate of the European Union membership. It is one of the countries that showed great positive growth post the crisis period. Total asset of the banking sector has increased from 3.19 billion in the year 2014 to 3.39 billion in the year 2015. This growth has been a result of growth and increase in loans and advances from customers. Kosovo has 10 commercial banks with a total asset of 72.3%. Other financial institutions include insurance companies and micro finance institutions as well (Siqani and Sekiraca 2016). There have been issues related to the technological advancement in the working of the banks and other financial institution. This calls for making better approaches towards making deposit and withdrawal of money easier for the customers. This paper is based on analyzing the opportunity for ATMs and POSs in the region of Kosovo an d its nearby regions such as Macedonia Problems: The banking sector of Kosovo has been facing great challenges. The country has seen a massive rush in foreign exchange and cash holding techniques. The small size of Kosovos economy and poor experience of the people with the banking sector have raised the necessity for strong participation towards the development of banking sectors. In respect to the developed countries, one branch of bank is available for 1500 customers; Kosovo has one branch for 9000 inhabitants (Bankofalbania.org 2016). The commercial banks maintain their own ATM Few plans on exchange of households amounts between 1,000 and 10,000 were allowed to be the maximum amount of cash exchange. The banking sector of Kosovo is already struggling in the IT developmental process. This is mainly due to financial limitation. It is due to these struggling efforts of the banks, that there arises the situation of thinking of ways to improve the technological capabilities of the bank. Availability of ATMs and POSs in almost every developed and developing nations, has increased the urgency of such technological improvements in the banking sector. Numerous debates have been made in the process of outsourcing in Kosovo without making a clear comprehension of outsourcing. Opportunity: In recent negotiation of Stabilization and Association Agreement, the country is expected to progress its relationship with other countries. There has been considerable increase in the number of commercial banks in Kosovo in the year 2002 and 2003. Major seven banks of the country have shown great expansion. It has been found that the commercial banks charge differently with other banks. Thus, if a single system is made that would help the customers to deal with monetary transaction from a single point of access, then there would be a better opportunity for the consumers to access the innovative techniques of the banking methods. On the other perspective, it might be said that there is lies great opportunity for any kind of innovative product in the market. Creativity along with technological approach towards a venture would call for greater acceptance among the consumers. In this respect, it can be said that considering the problems and issues faced by the people at Kosovo in carrying out transaction activities, an innovative approach such as the said business plan would be fruitful. Importance of technology is gaining importance day by day (Mullins 2012). In the recent perspective, it cannot be denied that every activity is related to some kind of technological involvement. For monetary deals, it is convenient to use technology for easy transfer. In the developed countries, the approach towards making every transaction using technology has long been proposed. If the same approach is made in a small region like Kosovo, it will also be a great venture from the perspective of an entrepreneur. Context: There is a great market potential for Automated Teller Machine (ATMs) and Point of Sale (POS) equipment in the e-utilization of banks in Kosovo. More and more banks are investing in the process of making e-banking available to the consumers. The business idea is to establish an e-banking system for the existing banks. The idea behind the proposal of a new venture is to establish a path for the existing as well as the new banks to think of innovative ways to open up ATMs or POSs at various places of the target areas (Navarro 2015). For the same, a detail research will be conducted on the various aspects of banking sectors and the opportunity of innovative techniques in making the process of transaction easier for the consumers. The business project presents a good opportunity for both banking sector and their clients. Greater approaches will be made in making the transaction and other financial activities to carry on with better operations. Apart from drawing a plan for the business project, other things like risks and scalability of the proposed project will also be analyze. Along with that, a financial report will also be presented to get knowledge of the estimated budget of the project. Literature review: Literature review section helps to analyze different concepts related to the area of research. When the concepts are clear, it provides an opportunity for the researcher to think of the available options in the new approach or the research study. In this case, it can be said that the business plan is an innovative approach towards the creation of an All in one ATM machine. Thus, an analysis of the theories related to innovation, technology, and new venture and most importantly, entrepreneurship will be carried on. Innovation: Process of innovation is very challenging. Much effort is given on understanding the industrial process and then innovative approaches are made towards the business. Empirical evidences show that innovation process follows a different pattern in major developing countries. As stated by Toi et al. (2013), innovation comes with uncertainty. However, this uncertainty depends on two key concepts, the technical performance of the innovation and the market response on the introduction of the innovative product or idea. Skenderi et al. (2016) has identified five major paths of the innovation process. The major innovative idea starts with the invention or production of a design or a product. This depends on the market signal, and then the product is developed, produced and marketed. The next major step is getting a feedback of the innovative approach after taking steps and controlling in respect to the perceived market. Linking the innovative approach with the science of innovation is what comes next. Linking the innovative idea with the available various resources for accompanying the complete process. Then the rare factor, where new and innovative approaches make it possible due to radical innovative ideas. The last stage also calls for feedback of the innovative ideas. The result of any kind of innovation is not only a new product or service, but it also calls for new information which has public good characteristics as well. In this case, it can be said that RD department is responsible for understanding and creating opportunities that might be socially profitable but privately unprofitable (Siqani and Sekiraca 2016). These approaches sometimes cause for market failure and the innovative approach is failed. New venture, new products and entrepreneurship: Creativity and innovation has the ability of creating a noble solution that can solve relevant problems. A new venture can also be proved to be a competitive advantage in the market. For an entrepreneur, creativity is considered to be the first stage of innovative ideas. A successful entrepreneur can be called as the one who comes up with a successful innovative idea that would attract consumers towards the product or the service. It is also important to convey the message of the innovative ideas in the market. The entrepreneur often justifies the approach made by him and shows the validation of the new approach made by the person. These creative approaches bring economic prosperity to the organization as well. As pointed out by Shim (2013), in order to make the creative idea work in the market, it must be useful enough for the market and has the potential to capture the market with the new venture. As suggested by Shaqir (2014), an entrepreneur must have the insight and the judgmental decision of the usefulness and the effectiveness of the new venture or the product. Again, it has been argued by Sadgrove (2015), that there always lies the opportunity of new approaches in the market; it depends on the ability of the entrepreneur to think of all the possible ways towards the approach of a new venture. It has been suggested by Putnik et al. (2013), that for the success of a new venture; promotional activities play the most crucial role. Thus, it is also expected that a great focus have to be made on the marketing and promotional techniques of a new venture. New product is the one that offers newness in the existing market. This calls for initial acts of creativity that also calls for the opportunity of a new product that would bring economic value and commercial survival of the new venture. An entrepreneur is the one who is responsible for carrying out a new venture and introducing a new product or service. As pointed out by Pula et al. (2015), for a better output from the entrepreneurial perspective, it can be said that three basic motivations are needed. These can be denoted as, intrinsic motivation, domain-relevant skills, and a cognitive process towards creativity. For a new venture towards the establishment of a new and innovative approach in making the all in one ATM machine, all the mentioned characteristics are indeed important. New ventures in the banking industry: Various new ventures have been introduced in the banking industry, in both developed and developing nations. As pointed out by Pavlou and Stewart (2015), the established and privately owned banks have the capacity to introduce any kind of ventures by investing money. The existing bank players are playing critical roles in the process of openness, collaboration, and investment. The banking sector has understood the importance of going digital and dealing with the various issues that might require to get benefitted from the driven forces of new services and productivity. In argument, it has been pointed by Osmanaj (2014) that in the situation of meeting challenges, the banks might have to face with certain risks as well. The Fintech sector has showed the opportunity of new ventures in the diversified environment, two of the biggest success of the sector can be mentioned. First, is the payment processing services were one has the opportunity of lending or borrowing money to peers. Legacy technology and issues faced with the difficulties of approaching the new technological perspectives sometimes become an important factor in coming up with new venture or innovative product idea. Banking and Payment Authority of Kosovo established by UNMIK is responsible for the implementation of the monetary and other financial framework in order to foster an efficient and a safe payment system (Navarro 2015). Despite these approaches, there are notable future assumptions that would keep the traditional mode operated banks future ready to fight with the technological approaches made by the banks. Some banks keep on operating with the product-based assumptions rather than thinking of digital ways to improve their business. Business and market attractiveness: The idea behind the proposed venture is to enable the service of ATMs and POS in the market of Kosovo. This will creates opportunities for new banks and existing banks by the means of increasing ATM access. There have been issues regarding the availability of ATM machines in the existing banks of Kosovo. Each bank has limited very few number of ATM machines exclusively for themselves. If consumers from other banks use the ATM of other banks, the person has to pay certain amount as access fees (Mullins 2012). This automatically calls for an opportunity of a new venture that would reduce the extra amount to be paid by the users of the ATMs. Thus, the higher charges paid by the customers can also be reduced to some extent because everything will be digitalized and based on virtual operations. Inclination towards creating a customer satisfaction has been a long-term effort made by the banks and other financial institutions. Digital revolution has caught the headlight of easier task and cost reduction as well. New players in the banking sector have effectively taken part in the process of making the operations digital. The product-based approaches of the banks have been continuing successfully and the banks failing to keep pace with the same approaches have seen to reduce share in the market. However, certain banks are stubborn towards their approach and believe in the impregnable nature of the business. As pointed out by Mulaj (2014), these banks are facing continuous diminishing share as their brand reorganization is reducing due to inability to compete with the existing fast flowing strategies of the banks. The sources of revenue of the banks are reducing with the changes in the insight of the customers. As the insight of the customers, are growing and they are reacting to the change in the business scenario. Banks might take advantage of this short-term idea and focus any kind of changes or innovations in the strategies of their business. In the viewpoint of Melecky and Podpiera (2012), when a bank or any other organization comes up with something innovative, then it is bound to attract the attention of the customers. Thus, solving the interim digital frustration of the customers would help the banks to solve the issues that are making the banks remaining behind in satisfying the customers. Utilizing ones own intellectual properties and the expertise of the bank, or in case if required, taking help from outsourcing, the banks can make approaches towards making the operation more customer friendly. This would be the most appropriate way of creating customer satisfaction. In the age of great competition, satisfying customers is indeed required to create a brand loyalty. As pointed out by McKeever (2014), it is only by the means of creating a brand loyalty among the target customers that will engage the existing customers to stay loyal towards the brand. Overview of the industry: Kosovos banking and financial sector is composed of 10 major banks, operating in 247 offices. There are 14 micro finance institutions and 3 other non-bank institutions. There are 7 insurance companies and a single Pension saving trust as well. Banking system of Kosovo covers a wide area. Approximately, there is one bank branch for every 9000 inhabitants. Total asset of banking institutions in Kosovo is 700 million Euros. This is equivalent to 40% of the GDP of the country. At the time when Kosovo planned for Euroisation, the inflation rate increased at over 40%. This inflation rate was not removed consequently and in subsequent years, Kosovo recorded double digit inflation (Mazelliu and Zogjani 2015). However, Euroisation has removed economic fall down of the region to some extent. The process has reduced transaction cost that is an important factor of trade within the Kosovo economy. The central banks are facing more constraints to tackle the lenders functions. Digitalization has been a process undertaken the banking sector in its business since a long time. Innovative approaches have been seen to undertake by the banks and other operating industries as well for making the working procedure digital and less time consuming. For example, Germanys Fidor Bank has established FidorOS, an open application program that facilitate the consumers to carry on with core banking. This method has provided a great offer to the existing customers (Mathaisel and Comm 2015). The users of the service can carry out with various transactional activities, such as lending or transferring money to others accounts. In fact, the most innovative approach made by the bank is by the offering a modern range of service of transferring money via Twitter. This way, 24 hours transaction has been made possible by the bank with their innovative approach. Thus, it can be easily said that the banking sectors are striving for innovative approaches and the banks are focusing grea tly towards making innovative changes in the operational activities of the bank. The solution: Companies that operate in a single field such as a bank, have greater opportunities to conduct outsourcing. When a special product or service is introduced by the same sector, it is usually welcomed by the consumers. In this respect, it can be mentioned that outsourcing has also touched the business scenario of Kosovo (Manu 2015). These opportunities have opened wider perspectives for the entrepreneurs of the young talent of Kosovo. There is provision of earning immediate profit as well as long run profit from the outsourcing techniques. One of the solutions gained for operating in the digital environment is by the means of collaboration. Several private as well as corporate banks have taken the initiative towards collaborating with the each other. These companies have made an approach towards opening of an ATM or POS counter to make it easier for the consumers access the monetary transaction. In fact, collaboration approach has made it a factor that the organizations can utilize it for their future projects as well (Malush 2014). When a cross-cultural or cross-company collaborative approach is made towards a business, then a better result is expected. Many examples of this collaboration can be stated here. In the year 1966, having realized the potential of the power of plastic money, the MasterCard was founded to support the interbank payment option. This way, these banks shared the utility of the proposed idea and made the transaction facility easier and convenient for the users. Similar approach can be made in the banking sector of Kosovo. For the introduction of All in one ATM, not only a number of banks can make collaborative approach but a cross-industry approach can also be made. Since, the machine that has been proposed will be applicable for several other purposes and not only transaction of money, a cross industrial approach would be beneficial to develop the product (Leonidou et al. 2013). A cross industrial approach will open doors for future vale generation as well. Digital approach has been made in almost every sector and every company is thinking of ways to go cashless and transfer of money easier. It might be a challenging situation for a new venture to go for a collaborative approach towards the start of the business but the solution that has been proposed for the new business plan venture could be collaboration with the existing banks and other cross culture industries. It might also be added in this respect that when a collaborative approach is made, then a good support from the established industries helped to gain loyalty of the customers in the market (Lages et al. 2013). Investing for a new venture and starting a business completely in a new way without the help or collaboration of companies might prove to be really challenging. Getting loans from the bank would not be easy. However, even for a collaborative approach as well, some funding is indeed required that would be gathered from the banks in term of loans. Designing the business model will also require the investment of some amount as an initial funding. Positioning on the Innovation map: It is indeed required to position the service in the market. As commented by Lages et al. (2013), unless good marketing is not done on a new venture or product, the company cannot hope for better returns from the market. For gaining a gripped position in the market, conducting a marketing mix is very necessary. Marketing mix model: The 4Ps of marketing, namely, Product, Place, People and Promotion can be discussed here. Product: The product as already stated is a multi use machine. Several functions will be available in the machine such as depositing cash, withdrawal of cash, money transfer, exchange of money and other such facilities. The service will be available to the customers at a much cheaper rate. This would make the system easier for the user to carry on with the transaction and other related things (Kupina and Salko 2015). Moreover, the machine would be equipped with such devices that would reduce the time of checking balance because the model will be equipped with such devices that it would directly take the input from the customer without creating confusing navigation options. These things create confusion as well as are time consuming. Place: The place selected for the business is Kosovo because the number of banks and other financial institution in this region is very less. It would be a better business opportunity in terms of opening ATM or POS in collaboration with the banks. The same approach might be expandable to nearby markets of Albania, Macedonia and Serbia as well. People: The target group of people is the users of bank account. People all around the world are using the ATM facility to withdraw money. Other facilities like depositing and checking balance of the account has increased the number of users by many folds (Krasniqi 2014). When the facility of transferring money from other banks will be available along with exchange of currency, then more numbers of customers are expected to use the facility of the ATM machines in the Kosovo region. Thus, people from all sectors carrying out with monetary transaction at a regular basis can be the targeted customers for the new venture. In this respect, it has to be mentioned that for the new venture, the regional banks of Kosovo are also needed to convince to join the new venture. With more numbers of banks involving in the process, more numbers of users can be targeted. The purpose of the venture is not only to promote the function of ATM, for withdrawal of money but to serve other purposes as well. Thus, the targeted consumers are not only bank users but the banks as well. Promotion: The promotional activities can be carried on by various means. In this case, reaching out to the banks and other financial institutions personally with the proposal can be considered to be the best promotional technique (Kimiagari et al. 2015). Other than that informing clients by sending personal messages via as e-mails or i-message can also be very fruitful. At the place promotional activities would be very fruitful for this purpose. Kiosks and other hoardings might be placed in various branches of bank to promote the new service. If the above proposed marketing mix is applied for the sake of marketing the product, there is a chance of attaining greater success in the market. Business model: As stated by Kim and Mauborgne (2014), Business model is an art that is required to plan before the commencement of a new business venture. Unless a business model is set up, there remains no path of taking the business to higher level. Certain things are required for the establishment of a new venture. For the sake of establishing the innovative service in the form of All in one ATM a business model can be framed. Every machine would be enabled with the ATM facility by which customers would be able to withdraw money as per their convenience. Other facilities that would be available are depositing cash from the same counter. One would be able to pay the installments of bank loans or any other types of loans. Other things required for setting the ATM counters would be flat fee for banks or the clients. The idea is much reliable and is sustainable for at least 10 years. Assurance can be made for this proposal because there is much less scope of technological advancement in Kosovo and the nearby regions as well (Jimnez et al. 2013). However, todays world is turning digital with technological advancements and every action is being carried on virtually. The idea is much innovative and would be highly acceptable among the people of this region. In the age of globalization, the world is getting connected by the means of internet using the digital platform. Every sector is making approaches to adapt to this change just to meet the global demand of consumers. Monetary transaction is indeed needed for every sector of business and carrying out any kind of regular activity. Thus, the business model would be very fruitful if proper approaches are made towards the establishment of the All-in-One ATM machine. Critical resources needed: As pointed out by Ismajli et al. (2014), basically five types of resources are required to start up a business. Many projects or ventures fail in succeeding in business due to deficiency in certain critical resources. For the new venture of opening all-in one ATM, the critical resources needed might be mentioned here: Financial resources: the most important element to start up a business is the requirement of financial help or funding. Every small and big businesses requires the financial funding. For the sake of this new venture, a proposed budget has been made. The amount required for this budget might be available from the banks in terms of loan (Huang and Sarigll 2012). Since, it is a big venture, supporting the project with the capital available to a single or a group of persons might not be possible and it certainly requires taking financial help from the banks in terms of loans. Human resource: Skilled and knowledgeable human resource is required to carry on with the business perspective. Since, it requires a great knowledge of technology; people from IT sector are required to take charge of the complete business project (Hoti et al. 2014). Apart from them, creating a business plan would require the involvement of entrepreneurs and thus, human resource from Business knowledge background is also required. For the promotional activities, a group of experts are also needed. Educational resource: Without understanding the basic educational background of the various approaches needed for the sake of carrying out the business venture. Getting educated about the internal and external policies of the things related to the new venture will facilitate to understand the business and take better steps towards the new venture (Hanssens et al. 2014). Physical resource: Physical resources such as space for establishing the ATM or the POS machine. The new proposed venture might be used by shopkeepers as well for monetary transactions. Thus, such shops or outlets are also required for the machines to work in the market. Emotional resource: Emotional resource calls for moral support and assistance. It might not be possible for a single entrepreneur to handle the various situations of success and failure. However, a moral support from few people gives the possibility to fight with the situation (Han et al. 2015). An emotional resource calls for team building and metal or emotional support for the business venture. All the mentioned factors are very important for any business venture to begin in a new market. Scalability: Understanding the scalability of a product or a service is important because it describes the capability of the same to cope or perform in the given environmental situation. The service that would be able to scale well in the market, have greater opportunity to grab the market. Some of the scalability factors of the service for All-in-one ATM machine might be discussed here: Geographical location: The region selected for the business plan is Kosovo. As already mentioned, the need of technological development in the region, it purpose of the launch of the service might prove to be really fruitful (Govori 2013). Product differentiation: This call for differentiation in the product which means that the new service or the product will serve something different that might not be available previously. We know that ATM machines are very common in recent market scenario and people are taking advantage of the service to a large extent. In the developed and developing countries, there is no bank that does not provide ATM facility (Gashi 2013). However, if the proposed idea provide something extra other than the normal facility of cash withdrawal or cash deposit, then its scalability might increase. Some of the extra facilities that might be available from the All-in-one ATM is: Cash back on POS: Many times, people are stuck with the problems that while doing any kind of transaction, mainly at the time of making payment, the transaction is failed. However, the person paid for the same transaction receives a message that the amount has been debited from his account (Faroughian et al. 2012). The person gets panicked stricken. In order to overcome from these types of situations, the machine would be equipped with the facility of getting the cash back from the machine if the transaction fails. This would create greater trust among the users and they would use the service without much hindrance. National/international transfer transaction: The service will be available for conducting any kind of transaction both national and international. People will be able to send and receive money from any part of the globe. Phone credit top up: Apart from all the above mentioned facilities, it is also expected that the machine will be also be enabled with the facility of carrying out any kind of recharges for paying bills of telephones, electricity or any other such requirements (Evans 2015). The above mentioned extra feature would definitely grab the attention of the users and consumers in the market. People would use the service happily Go-to-market strategy: Go to market strategy is the plan that an organization undertakes utilizing the available inside and outside resources that allows them to deliver their unique value proportion to the target consumers in order to achieve competitive advantage in the existing market. It depends on the overall experience of the product or service such as the quality of the product to enhance their market proposition (Dibb and Simkin 2016). The business plan that has been proposed shows the go-to market strategy in the following way: Favorable agreements with banks and other financial institutions: Capturing the market by favorable agreement with banks, enables automatic access to the clients. It is expected that the management team of the new business would come up with certain strategic plans to keep a trace of the banking business in the market and formulate better schemes and agreements with the banks that they easily cope up with the business plan. Better service fees: A negotiable service fee has to be assumed for the sake of carrying out the transaction activities with the consumers and the banks. It must be kept in mind that pricing strategy has been used by major companies to fight with the competitive nature of the market (DeYoung et al. 2015). Thus, it is recommended to think of better plans at the time of deciding the service fees to offer to the consumers. Wider physical presence: Binding the service within a limited range of geographical location will not help to attract as many customers or clients towards the innovative business plan. The only way to grab more customers is to spread the business far and wide (Born and Pfeifer 2014). Thus, approach has to be made for wider physical presence. The regions of Macedonia, Kosovo and other nearby regions can be easily targeted. With the above recommendation made here, it can be said that the proposed business plan must take great initiatives to follow up their business plan with the contemporary market scenario. It can also be stated here that before introducing any kind of business project, it is the foremost duty of the entrepreneur to dig out all the possible features of the market related to the proposed business plan. It is when the market condition is favorable for the proposed plan; initiative should be made for carrying out the business plan. In case of banking sector of Kosovo, the plan is indeed a good initiative. Financial planning: For the proposed venture, a total investment of 3,000,000 Euros would be made that is procured through investors investment and bank loans. This capital would be employed systematically and would cover start-up cost as well as operating costs before the venture starts yielding enough revenues to cover its own expenses (Brealey et al. 2012). The following table represents the elements of capital funding, sales forecast, cost of goods sold, various expenses incurred by the business and fixed asset owned by the company. As the projected venture is an innovative business idea and does not have any significant competitors, the venture is expected to grow rapidly (Brooks and Mukherjee 2013). Conclusion: By the end of the discussion it can be said that there is a great opportunity of such a business venture in recent scenario where there is a great opportunity of making every possible thing digital. People and businesses are getting connected very easily by using internet as the medium of connectivity. The age of globalization calls for effort to be given by every business activists. People are becoming more technology oriented and want to carry on with basic things by the means of technology. Easy payment options like Paypal and iPay have been operating in the commercial market with great success. Thus, any venture made in accordance to such related business perspective would prove to be a massive hit in the business market. The business plan has described the situation of the banking sectors in Kosovo. It is clear that there lies a great opportunity for a business ventures like All-in one ATM. It is expected that the banks and other financial institutes would easily accept the proposed idea. The venture is also supportive for the people because this way they are able to make payment in a better and easier way. In fact, more and more people are opting for e-payment mode rather than doing cash transactions. Apart from the opportunities, the scalability of the product along with possible risks that can take place with the advent of the new venture has been discussed here. It can be stated that the venture could be easily expanded to other regions as well and there is a high possibility of the acceptance of the service far and wide. If the scenario of Kosovo is undertaken, then there lies a great opportunity in the banking sector of the region and the nearby regions as well. If proper implementations are made and the banks and other financial institutions are convinced for the proposal, then the business plan would be of great success. The foreseen risks have to be kept in check regularly and necessary steps are to be taken to overcome the issues related to the business plan. Certain other methods might be kept in mind that might be applicable in case if the proposed business idea does not work out well. Reference list: Ahmeti, S., Hoti, A. and Bekteshi, S.A., 2014. Analysis of Financial Performance in the Banking System in Kosovo-the Period 2006-2012.Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology,4(2). Arifi, E., Durguti, E., Tmava, Q. and Kryeziu, N., 2014. Empirical analysis of basel iii effects in interest rate on the kosovo banking system.European Scientific Journal,10(28). Bankofalbania.org, 2016, Kosovo Experience with Euronization of its Economy. Available at: bankofalbania.org/web/pub/M_SVETCHINE_1329_1.pdf [Accessed on: 10-6-2016 ] Beqiri, E., Beqiri, N. and Beqiri, V., 2015. Harmonization of Information Systems in the Case of Electronic Banking Payments in South East European Countries.Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,4(2 S1), p.112. Bertay, A.C., Demirg-Kunt, A. and Huizinga, H., 2013. Do we need big banks? Evidence on performance, strategy and market discipline.Journal of Financial Intermediation,22(4), pp.532-558. Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012.The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Blank, S., 2013. Why the lean start-up changes everything.Harvard Business Review,91(5), pp.63-72. Born, B. and Pfeifer, J., 2014. Policy risk and the business cycle.Journal of Monetary Economics,68, pp.68-85. Brealey, R.A., Myers, S.C., Allen, F. and Mohanty, P., 2012.Principles of corporate finance. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Brooks, R. and Mukherjee, A.K., 2013.Financial management: core concepts. Pearson. DeYoung, R., Gron, A., Torna, G. and Winton, A., 2015. Risk overhang and loan portfolio decisions: small business loan supply before and during the financial crisis.The Journal of Finance,70(6), pp.2451-2488. Dibb, S. and Simkin, L., 2016. Market Segmentation and Segment Strategy.Marketing Theory: A Student Text, p.251. Evans, V., 2015.The FT Essential Guide to Writing a Business Plan: How to win backing to start up or grow your business. Pearson Higher Ed. Faroughian, F.F., Kalafatis, S.P., Ledden, L., Samouel, P. and Tsogas, M.H., 2012. Value and risk in business-to-business e-banking.Industrial Marketing Management,41(1), pp.68-81. Fintechinnovationlablondon.co.uk, 2016. The Future of Fintech and Banking. Available at: fintechinnovationlablondon.co.uk/media/730274/Accenture-The-Future-of-Fintech-and-Banking-digitallydisrupted-or-reima-.pdf [Accessed on: 10-6-2016 ] Gashi, A., 2013. The Impact of the Crisis on Social Inclusion and Social Protection in Kosovo.The social consequences of the global economic. Glackin, C., 2013. Entrepreneurship: Starting and Operating a Small Business, 3e. Govori, A., 2013. Factors Affecting the Growth and Development of SMEs: Experiences from Kosovo.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,4(9), p.701. Han, H.S., Yang, H.D. and Kim, K., 2015. Open Market Strategy of the Business Innovation Platform for SME Informatization based on Cloud Computing.Journal of the Korea society of IT services,14(4), pp.15-30. Hanssens, D.M., Pauwels, K.H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M. and Yildirim, G., 2014. Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions.Marketing Science,33(4), pp.534-550. Hoti, A., Alshiqi-Bekteshi, S. and Livoreka, B., 2014. Performance of Foreign Banks Operating in KosovoProCredit Bank Kosovo-Raiffeisen Bank Kosovo NLB Prishtina.Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,3(2), p.57. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2012. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix.Journal of Business Research,65(1), pp.92-99. Ismajli, A., Hysi-Panajoti, V., Fejza, L.E., Ismajli, D.A. and Fejza, E., 2014. Consumer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the services sector: a case study of bkt bank-prishtina, kosovo.European Scientific Journal,10(1). Jimnez, G., Lopez, J.A. and Saurina, J., 2013. How does competition affect bank risk-taking?.Journal of Financial Stability,9(2), pp.185-195. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kim, W.C. and Mauborgne, R., 2014.Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. Harvard Business Review Press. Kimiagari, S., Gabrielsson, P., Gabrielsson, M. and Montreuil, B., 2015. 5. Market strategy of international new ventures originating from a small and open economy.Handbook of Research on International Entrepreneurship Strategy: Improving SME Performance Globally, p.85. Krasniqi, M., 2014. Management and Design of Fiscal Policy Towards Economic Development.Journal of Educational and Social Research,4(6), p.175. Kupina, Q. and Salko, D., 2015. Banking System Performance on Actual Stage of Economic Development (A comparison Analysis of Banking Systems of Albania and Kosovo).Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(2), p.345. Lages, L.F., Mata, J. and Griffith, D.A., 2013. Change in international market strategy as a reaction to performance decline.Journal of Business Research,66(12), pp.2600-2611. Leonidou, C.N., Katsikeas, C.S. and Morgan, N.A., 2013. Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(2), pp.151-170. Malush, K., 2014. Management and Design of Fiscal Policy Towards Economic Development.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(20), p.990.

Changing Divorce Laws Essays - Family Law, Divorce,

Changing Divorce Laws In 1995, Statistics Canada data shows that 30% of marriages split (McGovern). Since the 1960s, marriage and divorce have been undergoing profound changes which have altered the meaning of marriage, the chances of its ending in divorce and the circumstances attached to marriage. These changes have made it easier for couples to obtain a divorce due to the changing laws and changing morals of society. The changes include three new grounds needed to prove marital breakdown, such as your spouse committing adultery, your spouse causing mental or physical cruelty or a separation of a year it was previously three years. Divorce also impacts the family as a whole, not only the children but also the two parties involved. The government needs to make changes to the Divorce Act as people more and more are getting divorced as it brings a negative impact to those who wish to marry in the future. Over the years divorce has been easier to obtain. Divorce was extremely uncommon in Canada until after WWII. Until that time, Canada had one of the lowest divorce rates in the Western World, this is because opinions by social and religious leaders condemned divorce as a threat to the family. The strength of this opinion prevented the easing of Canadas divorce laws. Consequently, access to divorce in Canada was extremely limited until 1968. Until this time, getting married usually meant forever. Divorce was illegal unless one mate was proven adulterous. When divorce did happen, one party was believed legally innocent, the other party guilty, and that judgment affected the financial settlement. Both partners social status was sufficiently hurt most people tried hard to avoid divorce if they could. By 1968, however, the sexual revolution was in full swing. Couples were rebelling against old sexual restraints, a trend supported by the exaggerations of cash-hungry journalists and movie-makers. Monogamy was out, free love thrived, and divorce represented freedom. Enough people wanted divorce by the late 1960s that the pressure was on to change the law. 2 After long and bitter parliamentary debates, the federal Divorce Act was revised. Additional grounds for divorce included desertion, imprisonment, or separation for at least three years plus marital offences of physical and mental cruelty. The new law eliminated the need to appear in court in most cases often the most personally humiliating experience in the older legal procedure. The law later changed again in 1985, where it eased off yet again, to allow divorces after only a years separation. The broad trend in Canada was to make divorce easier. It was accomplished by making it less fault-oriented where most divorce applications to the courts are no longer contested which eliminates the need for a formal court hearing where both parties testify and ask for different things. With no fault splits in place, the social stigma of divorce shrank. As more people divorced the stigma weakened further. The cycle continued while the divorce rate soared. In 1951, there had been only one divor ce for every 24 marriages, by 1987, one couple divorced every two couples that married (McGovern). In 1993, there were 78 000 divorces across Canada, compared to about 11 000 in 1968 before the new divorce laws came into effect (McGovern). Reasons for the incredible rise in the divorce rate are not entirely clear, but contributing factors include longer life expectancies, which increases the possibility of differences in the individual of both the wife and husband. The greater labor force participation of women and improved social security, meant that wives are less economically dependant on their husbands than in the past. The lessening of religious and social sanctions against divorce and also the movement towards a more me-oriented ethnic which stresses self-actualization over maintenance of the family unit. All of these factors suggest that an increased divorce rate may be an indication that expectations about the quality of marriage have risen and that many people prefer a divorce to an unhappy marriage. For these reasons, the divorce rate is on the increase 3 and it is easier for couples to obtain a divorce using the three conditions: separation of a year, adultery, mental or physical cruelty. The Divorce Act specifies the sole grounds for

College Shower Dos and Donts

College Shower Do's and Don'ts Unless youve spent a lot of time at summer camp,  theres a good chance youve  never enjoyed the dubious pleasures of a shared shower. Dorm showers are a little nicer than camp showers, but while summer campers are children with few concerns about privacy and hygiene, college students are young adults. Standards are higher, and you need to know the unwritten rules of college showers. What College Dorm Showers Are Like Most dorms have large bathrooms for each hall. If youre in a single-sex dorm you may have two bathrooms on your floor available for your use. If youre in a coed dorm, there may be separate bathrooms for each gender or shared bathrooms. In most dorms, bathrooms include multiple sinks, toilet stalls, mirrors, and separate curtained showers. If youre living off-campus or in a fraternity or sorority house, the situation may be different. You may, for example, need to take turns using a single-user bathroom. Alternatively, you may need to create a bathroom schedule. The college shower is both a very private and a very public place. Whether youre in a dorm, an off-campus apartment, or even in a situation where you have your own room but share  a bathroom with others, its important to know how things work so no one gets offended or embarrassed. So how can you make sure you know the dos and donts that surround the college shower? The Dos Do wear shower shoes. You may love every person in your residence hall or Greek house, but feet are feet and dirt is dirt. Wearing shower shoes can actually protect you from infections, so make sure you have an extra, shower-only pair of flip-flops at all times.Do bring a shower caddy. A shower caddy is a hanging bag or container you carry with you from your room to the bathroom and back again. Find one that works for you so you can always have your shampoo, conditioner, razor, and anything else you might need handy.Do bring a towel or robe to wear back to your room. Forgetting your towel can be a nightmare, so hook it onto your shower caddy, or even better, fold it on top so that you never forget one without the other.Do clean your hair out of the drain. Youre in a shared space now, so treat it with the respect youd want from someone else and do a quick swipe to make sure you dont leave hair in the drain for the next person. The Donts Dont take an unreasonable amount of time. Taking a ton of time in the shower may feel nice for you, but it creates a huge backlog of people who need to shower. Remember that youre part of a community and try to keep your shower time brief.Dont shower with a friend. Having, shall we say, romantic encounters in the shower is not only disrespectful to others in your hall, but its also inappropriate and, perhaps worst of all, pretty darned gross. With all the private spaces that a college offers, take your friend somewhere a little nicer and more personal.Dont expect too much privacy. Yes, youll have your own stall, and most likely it will have doors or a curtain. But you are sharing a bathroom with others, so just be prepared for people talking, using up the hot water, coming in and out of the bathroom, and basically eliminating the kind of privacy you might be used to back at home.

Leading the Catholic School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Leading the Catholic School - Essay Example This paper declares that culture is a complex concept that admits of several definitions, but the most comprehensive is the synthesis proposed by Gallagher of â€Å"culture† as a notion that contains the following characteristics: human, traditional and dynamic, evolving and religious, shared by and with others, involves complex visible factors, an expression of a vision, contains behavioural norms and response patterns, institutional or symbolic, adds meaning to what is ordinary, spiritual and religious, self-communicating, fallible and renewable, and rooted in religious consciousness. This discussion explores that culture changes or evolves over time, defined and altered by interactions amongst the individuals who make up human society Culture is not monolithic because the human agents or actors who are imbued with intelligence and free will give culture its dynamism through interaction and co-operation, giving rise to sub-cultures that add to societal diversity. Culture is a feature of any human society and is shaped by the behaviour of everyone in that society who learns and shares that culture with future generations. Culture also shapes their behaviour and outlook on life, and determines how they think, feel, and act. Culture can be analysed using several perspectives and frameworks since it is visible to observers. These manifestations range from the very tangible and overt that one can see and feel to the deeply embedded, unconscious, basic assumptions that form its essence.

Hindu veneration of statues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hindu veneration of statues - Essay Example The arms of Lakshmi, for example, remind onlookers of her generosity in caring for her husband Siva. Another common form is the sacred cow who is associated with the goddess Shri, and reminds worshippers of the virtue of gentleness and non-violence. People acknowledge these statues as they pass with a gesture and there is evidence of offerings of gifts like colorful flowers or foodstuffs. The visual nature of Hindu belief can be explained with the concept of â€Å"darsan† which a special kind of reverent seeing: â€Å"the central act of Hindu worship, from the point of view of the lay person, is to stand in the presence of the deity and to behold the image with one’s own eyes, to see, and to be seen by the deity.†1 Eastern people greet each other by putting their hands together, and lowering their heads, as a gesture of respect, and they do this to their religious statues too. Even simple objects like rocks or caves can be revered in this way, and this reverence for natural objects and man-made statues reveals a great sensitivity to the presence of the divine in every person, animal or object in the created world. Hindu believers include ceremonies involving religious statues into all of their festivals and celebrations, some having a special relevance at certain times of year, for example Lakshmi in the Diwali festival. In some ways this is similar to Roman Catholic processions at Easter time, or special mass services in chapels devoted to particular saints or on special saints days or commemorative events. In the Roman Catholic faith the statues are an aid to focusing on God, who is invisible and hard to imagine. In Hinduism there is a very similar approach, whereby the representations of the divine give a concrete and local expression to very general truths: â€Å"The sacred image or symbol of the god represents a means of union with the divine, but is not usually identified with the deity – the god or goddess only temporarily re sides within the fabric of the image.†2 The second part of this observation can be interpreted as idolatry, and this has brought Hinduism into conflict with Christians in the past. Hindu gods are very flexible when it comes to the form that they take, and instead of one single incarnation of the divine into Jesus Christ, there is the possibility that statues can temporarily be an embodiment of the god. The modern usage of the word â€Å"avatar,† which people use across the world to signify a virtual persona on the internet, illuminates the relationship which people have with the statues: the avatars are obviously not divine in themselves, just as computer avatars in video games are not real people, but they are used by the being behind them to interact in a different dimension of experience. The god shows himself or herself through the statue, and in fact each god can take many forms, and sometimes a statue is made of wood, or stone, or any other material, especially to serve as a locus for the god to descend into for the duration of a particular festival in his or her honor: â€Å"†¦ on the full moon day at the beginning of the hot season in March/April, the Sri Vaisnavas of Madras carry the images of Visnu from their respective temples to the sea-shore, where all, including the deities, have a refreshing dip in the surf.†3 Because of the changeable nature of the outward form of their gods, Hindus see no contradiction in seeing different

Miranda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Miranda - Essay Example If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you." ( "Miranda Warning") Most people dreaded that government could act or treat according to their wishes, once any one was declared as criminal suspects. For this reason, there are certain rights, the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney that have been ensured by the Constitution. However, most people remain ignorant of such rights and a result, the police has for years taken advantage of the people's ignorance of this fact. This is what happened in the Ernesto Miranda in 1963 when he was accused of abducting and raping a young girl. He wasn't made cognizant of his rights and therefore confessed to his crime. In 1966, however, the Supreme Court disregarded his confessions as evidence against him as he wasn't aware of his rights to remain silent and his right to an attorney. Since then Miranda warnings has been given out to anyone who is suspected of a crime so that he later not argue of being unaware of his rights. (" The Miranda Warning") Other than in cases of "custodial interrogation" as in Miranda case, the court has put down situations where Miranda warnings need to be given. In 1977 during Oregon vs. Mathiason case, the court put forward other situations where the people need to Mirandized.

Cultural treatment of promiscuous women and illegitimate children

Cultural treatment of promiscuous women and illegitimate children The headline read, One out of 12 in America Held to be Illegitimate; Issuance of Partial Birth Certificates Proposed to Avoid Embarrassments (Staff, 1944, p. 4). The assertion conjures a mental image of hundreds of decadent, low socioeconomic status, immoral women and her filius nullius (Latin term meaning, son of nobody). Parents of the single, gravid woman were shamed, mortified or disgusted by the sexual promiscuity of their daughter; how they could face their friends after learning of the daughters transgression? Is this the first era of social stigma related to a child borne by an unmarried woman? The samplings of historical data below indicate no. The Bible speaks often to a debauched woman and her bastard offspring. For example, Galatians 5:19-21 (English Standard Version): 19 Now, the works of the flesh are evident: sexual immorality, impurity, sensuality, 20 Idolatry, sorcery, enmity, strife, jealousy, fits of anger, rivalries, dissensions, divisions, 21 Envy, drunkenness, orgies, and things like these. I warn you, as I warned you before, that those who do such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. Figure Lillian Gish (1926)In 1850, Nathanial Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter. Set in a Puritan colony, his central character Hester Prynne, gave birth to an illegitimate daughter because of an adulterous affair. Hester was publicly shamed and forced to wear a red letter A on her chest, identifying her as an adulterer. She experienced cruelty, humiliation, and ostracism from the people of the community. She eventually realized the fortitude of her spirit. The novel is 160 years old, yet the moral dilemmas of personal responsibility, and consuming emotions of guilt, anger, loyalty and revenge are enduring. Unfair treatment and the stigma really permeate all aspects of society. Its still expected that people will marry and that theres something weird about you if you dont. Thomas Coleman In the year 1944, when the above article appeared in The Pittsburgh Press, the institution of marriage before parenthood was the virtuous and accepted way of life. Women were expected to love and obey their husbands. bas ·tard (basà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²tÉâ„ ¢rd) noun a person born of parents not married to each other; illegitimate child anything spurious, inferior, or varying from standard Slang a person regarded with contempt, hatred, pity, resentment, etc. or, sometimes, with playful affection: a vulgar usage Etymology: ME Vocabulary to describe the child borne of an unmarried woman varies throughout literature. Bastard is the most prolific term used in the earliest writings. A bastard is a person born out of wedlock whose father is not listed on the birth certificate and legal status is illegitimacy. Bastards had no right to inherit property from his or her parents except through a will. In the mid-20th century, discrimination against children born out of wedlock became subject to constitutional limitation under the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment (Columbia, 2009, p. 1). Illegitimate, love child, whoreson, spurious; terminology referring to the child borne of an unmarried mother may be perceived as vilifying the child. The mother, whos referenced by the terms unwed, unmarried, or single, was a pariah. Often, the pregnant single woman was scuttled off to a residential home for unwed mothers. The occurrence of out-of-wedlock births has been rising over the past 70 years. In the 1940s, fewer than five percent of the total births were out of wedlock (Ventura, 2009). In the 1940s and 1950s, unwed mothers were strongly encouraged to give their children up for adoption. Commonly, an illegitimate child raised by grandparents or married relatives believed the unwed mother was his sister or he was her nephew. Between 1940 and 1960, the escalation of out-of-wedlock births was subtle. Since the 1970s, increases in the number, rate, and ratio of out-of-wedlock births have been dramatic. In addition, the size of the unmarried population has increased as a result of the high birth rates during late 1940s through the early 1960s, along with the unprecedented deferment of marriage by the baby-boomers (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [DHHS], 1995, p. 4). Little in the literature discusses the biosocial and psychosocial influences upon the child or the mother. However, researchers have gathered a multitude of statistics demonstrating the delayed cognitive development of the child of a single parent. Unwed teenage mothers and their children are more likely living in lower socioeconomic conditions. The mothers face multiple risks of dropping out of school and becoming part of the economic underclass (Drummond Hansford, 1992, p. 529). The unwed mothers were perceived by society as deadbeats ripping off the American taxpayer. Additionally, the societal concern of Americans over teenage mothers was that babies are having babies; that 16 year old girls were too young and unprepared for the responsibilities of single parenthood (Whitehead, 2007, p. 6). The negativity surrounding unmarried mothers and their children was rampant during the years prior to 1970. That is not to say the mind-set completely disappeared at the stroke of midnight on December 31, 1969. The public opinion of unmarried mothers remains. How that opinion is manifested has undergone changes. The transformation of the single-parent family from uncommonness to an established family style was one of the most dramatic social changes of the 20th century. Only 1 in 10 children lived in a single-parent family prior to 1960. More than 1in 4 did so by the centurys end. Although the consequences of single parent family formation have received abundant scrutiny, less is known about the evolution of attitudes toward these families (Usdansky, 2009, p. 209). Is the increase of non-martial births due to eroding morals? Or, is there more ambivalence and apathy towards the single parent lifestyle? The cognitive development of morals and culture in emerging adult (ages 18-25) continues through middle age (Berger, 2008, p. 483). During this phase of human development, the emerging adult thinking is more practical, more flexible, and more dialectical (Berger, 2008, p. 472). The cultural background likely affects the cognitive process (Berger, 2008, p. 481). Cultural influences have an effect on religious belief development. The religious and spiritual growth of a genome progresses with stages of human development. Take the quotation below, for example. Marriage exerts less influence over how adults organize their lives and how children are born and raised than at any time in the nations history, the survey says. Between 1960 and 2005, the rate of unwed childbearing increased sevenfold, from 5.3 percent of all births to 36.8 percent. The survey finds that the average unwed mother is more likely to be white than black, and more likely to be an adult than a teenager. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The survey attributes this sharp increase in non-marital births to an ever greater percentage of women in the 20s, 30s, and older à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ delaying or forgoing marriage but having children. But more Americans than ever naively think they alone can make single-parenting work. Day-to-day realities slowly undermine this optimism. Single parents who have been at it awhile know better than anyone how less than ideal their situation is. Thats one reason we can expect to see more and more single parents looking for outside support. Single mothers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦often long for a strong, caring male to enter their childrens lives. So it nearly goes without saying: The church has a unique opportunity at this cultural moment. For years, we have been preaching the supremacy of the two-parent family, offering classes and seminars for young couples and familiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A dramatic example, but boys without father figures and girls without mother figures have a strike against them. The latest national study shows that more children than ever are entering the world with such strikes. Its an unprecedented cultural moment for Christians, to see if we can act less like individual consumers of spirituality and more like the family of God (The fatherless child, 2007, p. 5). On August 22, 1996, President Clinton signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Public Law 104-193, better known as the Welfare Reform Bill. This law changes how governmental financial assistance is administered. On September 15, 2000, the Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala awarded five states $100 million ($20 million each) in for reducing the number of out-of-wedlock births. Among the priorities of the 1996 welfare reform law were promoting parental responsibility and encouraging two-parent families, said Secretary Shalala. Im very pleased to award these bonuses as an incentive to advance these important family goals (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], 2000). Is the child borne of an unwed mother destined to poverty, illiteracy, and a life of crime? Is the single mother doomed to never-ending disgrace and the topic for scandalous gossip? In the next chapter, evidence throughout the years reveals the picture is not all black. The moment a child is born, the mother is also born. She never existed before. The woman existed, but the mother, never. A mother is something absolutely new. Rajneesh The year 1992 marked a pioneering event on network television. The highly-rated CBS show Murphy Brown started the new season with Murphy Brown, a divorced news anchorwoman, become pregnant and choosing to have the baby and raise it alone. Americas pro-lifers jeered, while the pro-choices cheered. Even the presidential candidates had something to say. Vice President Dan Quayle declared that the Los Angeles riots were caused in part by a poverty of values. He went on to denounce the acceptance of unwed motherhood. It doesnt help matters, Quayle complained, when Murphy Brown, a character who supposedly epitomizes todays intelligent, highly paid professional woman is portrayed as mocking the importance of fathers, by bearing a child alone, and calling it just another life-style choice (Murphy Brown, 1992). In 2006, Rosanna Hertz published her non-fiction book, Single by Chance, Mothers by Choice. She noted the Single By Choice (SBC) woman belongs to a distinct subgroup of single parents, who, out of a strong desire for a child, have made the active choice to go it alone. Moreover, she asserts the SBC route to parenthood does not necessarily seem to have an adverse effect on mothers parenting ability or the psychological adjustment of the child (Murray Golombok, 2005, p. 1655). From the early 1960s to the late 1980s, the percentage of women having a non-marital child increased by 50% among whites and by 24% among blacks (Currie, 2009, p. 37). One research study hypothesized a preventive group intervention with SBC mothers can identify potential psychological risk factors and help mothers with sensitive aspects of parenting (Ben-Daniel, Rokach, Filtzer, Feldman, 2007, p. 249). There is research indicating that women in the typical age group of SBC mothers (35 to 44) tend to experience more stress than younger mothers. Their lifestyle is well established; pregnancy and parenting are perceived by some as interfering with their chosen way of life, especially in her career. SBC women are often the oldest daughter in their family (Ben-Daniel et al., 2007, p. 263). In the few studies that exist on children of single mothers, no significant difference has been found in the childs emotional and social development. Likewise, the development of gender identity of children of single mothers, as compared with children raised in heterosexual families, was unaffected. The results of the study revealed therapeutic gain: Reduction of stress, tension and guilt; helped mothers prepared for parenting by encouraging a positive self-image and perceptions of the child. Improving the SBC mothers acceptance of her chosen family model therefore promoted her willingness to tell children their birth story (Ben-Daniel et al., 2007, p. 264). The child must be aware that it is okay to come from a family background different from a friends or neighbors. Some children live with two parents, others with only their mother or a father. Recently, grandparents have become the newest faction of caregivers for their grandchildren. Other relatives, step-parents, friends, or guardians are examples for the child to ponder. As one SBC mother revealed to her son, Walt Disneys famous mother and son elephant family never made reference to a father; and the mother and son seemed perfectly content. The child must know that he is a miracle, that since the beginning of the world there hasnt been, and until the end of the world there will not be, another child like him. Pablo Casals The non-marital child and his mother faced prejudice, humiliation, taunts and sneers over the centuries. The hurtful monikers of bastard or illegitimate child are slowly giving way to kinder terms. The prevalence of single by choice, mother by choice women is increasing at the end of the first decade in the 21st century. The commonality of alternative family models and the quiet acceptance of them allay the self-consciousness of the mother and child. No longer does the solo parent with her child have to endure the social stigma of a virtual scarlet letter. When two are a family, the biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial development of the non-marital child is determined by nature and nurture, the environment of unconditional love and acceptance by his society, and the eternal affection of his mother.

Uncle Toms Cabin :: Uncle Toms Cabin Essays

Uncle Tom’s Cabin UNCLE TOM -Uncle Tom manages the Shelby plantation. Strong, intelligent, capable, good, and kind, he is the most heroic figure in the novel that bears his name. Tom's most important characteristic is his Christian faith. God has given Tom an extraordinary ability. He can forgive the evil done to him. His self-sacrificing love for others has been called motherly. It has also been called truly Christian. AUNT CHLOE- Aunt Chloe, Uncle Tom's wife, is fat, warm, and jolly. She is a good housekeeper and a superb cook, and justly proud of her skill. She loves Tom, and urges him to escape to Canada rather than to go South with Haley. After Tom is sold, she convinces the Shelbys to hire her out to a baker in Louisville and to use her wages to buy Tom's freedom. She is heartbroken to learn of his death. MOSE, PETE, AND POLLY - Mose, Pete, and Polly, the children of Uncle Tom and Aunt Chloe, are playful and rambunctious. Polly is Tom's special favorite, and she loves to bury her tiny hands in his hair. ELIZA HARRIS - Eliza Harris is raised by her mistress, Mrs. Shelby, to be pious and good. Described as light-skinned and pretty, Eliza dearly loves her husband, George Harris, and their little boy, Harry. When she learns that Harry is about to be sold, Eliza carries him in her arms to the Ohio River, which she crosses on cakes of ice. Although generally a modest and retiring young woman, Eliza becomes extraordinarily brave because of her love for her son.

Statement of Purpose – MHA

My country India, world’s largest democracy and home to over a billion fellow country men, has a very low Doctor to patient ratio and even lower Dentist to patient ratio. This led me to take my graduation in Dentistry. My days in Dental School often made me think about management of available resourses which involved simple insurence policies, hygienic practices than treating the diseases with an ensuing dramatic increase in the cost of such treatment that the people of my country can not afford. Healthcare administration in India is not covering even half the population let alone advanced medical aid. There might be great technological strides in the field of healthcare administration but the number of people benefited is only a select few. I was exposed to certain ground realities, like there are limited doctors and infrastructure which does not function to their optimum capacity and efficiency due to lack of proper management of limited resources. In my internship program I have seen many patients who were unable to get proper treatment due to lack of available human resourses and reimbursement. In my counrty there is no proper facility of maintaining patient records, online data storage and access of every patient health record. Even people do not have a clear cut idea of How to use insurance policies and reimbursement programmes. I was already doubting my future as a career dentist because my apparent inability to help large number of people In fact right from my under graduation Health care Administration is the primary interest of all my choices. In my under graduation I am very intuitive about management of human resources in the health care system, ethical and legal perspectives on malpractice,medical records, confidentially and required disclosures,reimbursement procedures, governmental regulation and legal restraints. All this factors guided me towads the MS in Helath care administration. In the present day environment, a sound understanding of fundamentals and expertise in a chosen field of interest is essential and I strongly believe that graduate school offers opportunities to attain the above. Graduate study, being the first step towards the realization of my goals, Having been enlightened by many professors and several graduating seniors about the rigorous course work besides possessing state-of-the-art research facilities, I had no dilemma in choosing University of Newhavens as my dream university for pursuing my graduate studies. I am sure that University of Newhavens with dynamic faculty, well equipped laboratories and world renowned graduate programs would definitely help me in achieving my goals and contribute something of my own in my field of interest. I believe that with my capacity for hardwork, commendable logic and dedication to achieve my goals, I will be able to do very well in my Graduate course. I aver that I take it as a challenge and spare no effort of mine in utilizing the resources available at your university. I am sure that you will share my confidence and give me an opportunity to continue with my further studies at your esteemed university.

Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Organisations Essays

Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Organisations Essays Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Organisations Essay Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Organisations Essay Typical stakeholders in a organisation might include Customers: customers want value for money which involves providing the highest quality products at competitive prices. Employees: Their stake is that the company provides them with am livelihood. They want security of employments, good rates of reward and also promotional opportunities. Suppliers: They want to feel valued by the company and want frequent orders with prompt payments. Owners: In a company it would be the shareholders. Owners are often thought to be the most important stakeholders because they have set up the business and give a lot of time into the company to make it successful. Owners like to see their share of profit increasing, and the value of their business rising. Trade Unions: This is for groups of employees who seek to secure higher wages and better working conditions for their members. Employer associations: This is the same as trade unions but for the employers, representing the interests of employers in specific industries. Local and National Communities: The actions of business can have a dramatic effect on communities. E. g. The oil Giant Shell has built vast pipelines in Nigeria, which runs through the lands of various tribal peoples. The pipelines can be very dangerous and causes local pollution. Community leaders therefore represent important interest groups Governments: The government wants businesses to become successful, to create jobs and to pay taxes. They want to see good businesses that take a full responsibility on looking after the welfare of society. Influence of stakeholders on organisations A business needs to take account of the interests of all its stakeholder groupings. These interests are linked together. For example if Richard Branson decides to run his virgin trains using greener fuels, this means that the cost of journeys on Virgin trains increases. This may be a bad thing because: Customers may have to pay higher fares Shareholders may get lower profits Virgin buys from new suppliers rather than the old ones Some jobs may be a risk The government may lose taxes However, it may be seen as a good thing because: It is better for the environment More people may want to travel by train because its greener Employees feel better about working for a greener transport company The company may increase sales and make more profits.

International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay Example

International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay Example International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay International market cleavage Economicss, national civilization and clip European Journal of marketing vol. 48 No.7/8, 2014 pp. 1209-1293 In this essay I propose to critically measure the above research paper: â€Å"International market cleavage ( economic sciences, national civilization and clip ) † published late in the European Journal of Marketing. The paper aims to look into the influence, economic and cultural factors have individually and in combination over international state cleavage and besides seek to uncover the stableness of these factors and state sections over clip. Cleavage can be described as the scheme of spliting market in homogeneous group ( Goyat, 2011 ) . The growing of planetary competition has established international cleavage as a cardinal issue in developing, positioning and merchandising merchandises throughout the universe ( Ter Hofstede et al. , 1999 ) quoted by ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) . International cleavage has therefore become a cardinal extension of the traditional selling construct, as deficiency of acquaintance with diverse foreign environments tends to take to generalisation of demand status in abroad market. This can organize national stereotypes. Thus a policy of cleavage will assist relieve jobs originating from such misconceptions, as it acknowledges the magnitude and relevancy of differences and similarities between foreign states. However ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) suggests that if a company can accomplish competitory advantage as a consequence of planetary standardisation, a â€Å"standardization oriented approach† is in order. International cleavage besides provides a figure of advantages from the organisation point of position, one of it being that organisations find it easier to come in states in the same bunch in which they have been successful ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) Therefore if one accepts this premiss, the inquiry is non whether to section the international market but when to section and how to section ( what footing for cleavage should be considered ) ( Wind and Douglas, 1972 ) . In the evaluated research paper a longitudinal analysis ( 1990-1999 ) is undertaken and as a consequence, supply an penetration into whether economic A ; cultural features change overtime. The influences of economic and cultural factors are examined individually, and so combined. The survey includes economic and cultural variables for 30 states measured at two periods ( 1990-1999 ) . The research is designed to capture the effects of state specific variables on section rank and alterations overtime to measure our hypotheses. Hypothesiss of the research are mentioned in the undermentioned paragraphs. The writer argues, when companies enter new markets research on economic development entirely can non adequately predict firm’s opportunities of success in these markets. The viability of this statement can be supported by the fact that economic development of a state is merely an index of its populations purchasing capacity and what should be the monetary value scope of the merchandises marketed in that specific state nevertheless the consumer penchants and rational/motivation behind consumer’s merchandise choice is ignored. Neither do consequences of research undertaken with lone economic development as a base can assist organisations plan or choose selling schemes for their merchandise in that market. As a consequence the success of the house can non be predicted accurately. Therefore, it is of import that alternatively of state cleavage based wholly on economic informations or wholly on cultural informations, we combine the two in general cleavage model. Therefore t he first two hypotheses are: H1 Country sections formed from purely economic variables will be different than state sections formed with purely cultural variables. H2 Country sections formed from economic and cultural variables will ensue in different sections than those formed from either economic or cultural variables entirely. The consequence of this research indicates that both hypotheses H1 and H2 are found to be true. Hypotheses1 can be confirmed as when economic factor entirely is taken into consideration USA has a different section and does non portion this section with any other state nevertheless, when civilization is made the base of cleavage USA. Is clustered with other states such as Canada, Austria, Ireland and Italy. The bunch alterations for many states included in the survey, while switching the footing of cleavage from economic factors to civilization. H2 is besides found to be true and can be confirmed by the fact that while states were evaluated individually on economic growing and civilization a 4 four section solution appeared to be most appropriate for the same set of states whereas when evaluated in combination a six bunch solution seems to be most appropriate. Besides the construction of the sections is different from solutions based merely on economic or cultural variables. Another statement made by the writer is that states differ in economic development but they are non inactive. Example of China is given to back up this statement. This statement in my point of view is really strong as explained by the writer by giving china’s illustration, that states may see rapid alterations in economic indexs such as GDP ( it jumped from 3 % in 1990 to 9 % in the undermentioned twelvemonth and once more jumped to 14 % in 1992. This statement can be verified non merely by looking at fluctuating GDP rates of China but besides of many other universe economic systems with fluctuating GDP rates such as India. The writer argues that civilization alterations as a effect of economic development, and some states develop faster than others ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) . However this statement in my point of position is non wholly true as in my sentiment non merely civilization gets influenced by economic development but civilization besides influences economic development. As a state which scores high on self look in comparing to endurance will by and large hold a batch more little investors and enterprisers will be much more willing to take hazards to raise themselves to a criterion of better life thereby forcing the wheel of economic growing in that state. However a state driven by more traditional cultural values will look for safety in every investing and concern dealing they make, and as a consequence may non take appropriate timely hazards and may free out on chances to increase net income borders. In support of my statement â€Å"The extent of corruptness besides varies aggressively bet ween different states and different fiscal civilizations, and this can do profound difference to economic performance.† ( Sen, 2008 ) . Amartya sen in his article civilization and development besides talks about a great sociologist Max Webber’s thesis on the important function of Protestants moralss on in the successful development of a capitalist industrial economic system. The writer besides assumes, people will be more immune to cultural alterations than economic development the 3rd hypotheses is: H3 Changes in economic development will ensue in motion of states across sections more frequently than alterations in national civilization. The consequences of this research finds this hypotheses to be true as a seeable alteration in state bunch can be seen over the decennary based on economic development as the bases of cleavage. Shifts in state constellating with economic growing, as base is much more in comparing to constellating on the bases of civilization. The writer argues that civilization may alter easy, in incremental stairss but it does alteration. The writer argues that alteration in civilization is triggered by the economic system. In the last hypotheses of this research the writer assumes that with the economic development, civilization besides changes, and this leads to reconstituting in sections that we obtain from one period to the other, based on this the concluding hypotheses of this research is: H4 Countries that move from developing economic systems to higher income position will see cultural alterations ensuing in changed cleavage forms. The consequences of this research shows that merely two states show a displacement in state constellating based on cultural factors whereas for state constellating based on economic factors there were a batch more alterations. Thus we can state that cultural factors change really easy in comparing to economic factors. Besides the two states Czech democracy and Spain which changed state sections moved off from economically backward state and became portion of bunchs of economically advanced states illustration Spain joins the section with other European states. As these two states moved from less developed state bunch to a good developed one economically a considerable displacement can be seen in there constellating with civilization as the bunch base. This proves the above stated hypotheses. The sample used in this research paper by the writer includes states surveyed by WVS in both 1990-1991 moving ridge and 1999-2001. The initial sample covered a sum of 34 states but three of them were eliminated due to losing informations and besides west Germany and east Germany is treated as one. The sample used in my sentiment is thorough in itself and can besides be assessed by looking at the consequences of this research paper as it includes states runing variedly in economic development with gross national income ( GNI ) per capita ranging from 380 dollars ( India ) to Sweden with GNI 34,280 dollars. The sample is non merely thorough of economically varied states but besides covers a full spectrum culturally varied 1s ; it covers states all the manner from Japan and Sweden which score high on secular rational values to states like Ireland and Chile. However, one can reason though the study samples used in the WVS survey’s is big and thorough but the figure of states s a whole is little. The writer tries to warrant his pick of utilizing this little figure of states due to fiting demands across two periods and losing informations. Thus we can state that the sample used in this research paper is equal and good informed about the assorted dimensions. But it is deserving giving a idea that had the figure of states used in this research been much more than it is right now, what consequence it would had on the current findings of the research? Is at that place a possibility that some of the hypotheses in the research would hold been dismissed? From the above analysis of the research article we can state that it covers merely a little figure of states due in this research can be seen as one of the restrictions of this research. Besides as secondary beginning of information is used to transport out this research the fact that handiness of economic informations of the states is much more in comparing to the cultural informations and no specific step is present to verify whatever sum of cultural informations is available, could hold lead to some divergences in the consequences of this research matching to the usage of civilization as the base of state bunch. Besides this there is a deficiency of theoretical bases to steer the choice of variables and development of sections. And in conclusion categorization of states on the footing of state sections provides really weak indexs of marketing behaviour in a state. ( Wind and Douglas, 1972 ) . This is because every person is different and generalisation of consumers so widely on the footing of state can supply merely a glance of the expected consumer behaviour in that state. On the other manus this research has some really positive penetrations First, this research makes it possible to prove whether cultural values alter under the influence of certain environmental forces such as economic development. Second, this research piece fills the spread in old literature. The writer explains in the literature reappraisal that traditional researches on international selling cleavage have been criticized for concentrating on economic and cultural variables individually and non on both together. â€Å"a successful cleavage program must bring forth market sections which meet the four basic criteria† sustainability is one of them ( Goyat, 2011 ) . The longitudinal analysis of this research has the possible to cover the sustainability of these two factors and besides tests the kineticss of these two factors overtime. Besides this research peace examines market cleavage utilizing both these bases together and besides tries to happen a nexus between the two. Third, critically it can be stated that demographic may turn out as good bases of cleavage but the mind of the consumers play a important function in finding consumer behaviour. Something to believe about Every consumer has particular demands from the merchandises and services he/she consumes. Segmenting market every bit widely as state sections and generalising even those sections by grouping states with certain economic and cultural factors therefore poses a inquiry whether such broad cleavage would really turn out utile in guaranting an organization’s selling success? If yes, to what extent? Mentions 1. Budeva, D. , G. A ; Mullen, M. , R. 2014, International market cleavage,European Journal of Marketing, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1209-1238. 2. Goyat, S. ( 2011 ) The footing of market cleavage: a critical reappraisal of literature, European Journal of Business and Management, Vol3, No.9, 2011, pp.45-54 3. Sen, A. ( 2008 ) ‘Culture and Development’ , [ Online ] , Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/6699222/Culture-Development-by-Amartya-Sen. [ Accessed: 1 November 2014 ] . 4. Wind, Y. A ; Douglas, S.P. 1972, International market cleavage,European Journal of Marketing, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 17-25.